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One of the fundamental variables in preclinical biomedical research is sex: whether a cell, tissue, or animal is female or male. Biological sex is an important consideration for this research that underlies drug development, clinical trials, and prevention approaches.

NIH expects that sex as a biological variable will be factored into research designs, analyses, and reporting in vertebrate animal and human studies. Strong justification from the scientific literature, preliminary data, or other relevant considerations must be provided for applications proposing to study only one sex.

Common food additives called emulsifiers promoted colitis and metabolic syndrome in mice by altering gut microbes.

NOMID, or neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disease, is a rare disease that is often fatal. This video tells the story of Kayla Martínez, who was diagnosed with NOMID as a baby. It also tells the story of a treatment for NOMID that was discovered by Dr. Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky at the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases at the National Institutes of Health.

NIH-funded scientists are exploring innovative ways to fix faulty organs and tissues or even grow new ones

Many of us worry from time to time. We fret over finances, feel anxious about job interviews, or get nervous about social gatherings...

The frosty air of winter can be invigorating. But cold air can also pose threats to your health, whether you’re indoors or outside. If your body temperature drops too low, it can lead to a serious, sometimes deadly condition known as hypothermia. Learn to recognize the signs of this condition, and take steps to keep yourself and your family warm and safe during this chilly season.

Do you tend to look on the sunny side, or do you see a future filled with dark, stormy skies? A growing body of research suggests that having a positive outlook can benefit your physical health. NIH-funded scientists are working to better understand the links between your attitude and your body. They’re finding some evidence that emotional wellness can be improved by developing certain skills.

It’s been more than 30 years since a disease now called AIDS was first recognized in the United States. Back then, it was considered a death sentence. No treatments were available, its cause was unknown, and people often died within a few months after being diagnosed. Today, people infected with HIV—the virus that causes AIDS—can live full, healthy lives, in large part because of medicines and other discoveries made with NIH support.