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Before deciding to get a pacemaker, discuss your options with your doctor. You can bring along these and other questions you may have: • What are the benefits and risks of a pacemaker? • What other treatment options do I have? • How will a pacemaker affect my life? • What kind of pacemaker is best for me? • What happens during the procedure? • How long will the pacemaker last?

Pacemakers are used to treat certain types of arrhythmias, as well as heart failure, a condition that occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to the body. Not everyone with an arrhythmia needs a pacemaker.

Pacemakers use low-energy electrical pulses to control the rate and rhythm of your heartbeat. Traditional pacemakers send the electrical pulses through wires, also known as leads. Wireless pacemakers are a newer kind of pacemaker without wires.

The Division of Human Subjects Research (DHSR) provides expertise, leadership, coordination, and guidance in the areas of policy implementation and development for human subjects research.

Osteopetrosis is a rare disorder that causes bones to grow abnormally and become too dense. When this happens, bones can break easily.

Fibrous dysplasia happens when a bone is replaced with other tissues. Bones may become weak, oddly shaped, or broken. Learn more about this rare disease.

Meet the executive leadership team.

NIH and the biomedical research enterprise have a long history of International collaborations with rules of engagement that allow science to advance while also protecting intellectual capital and proprietary information of the participating countries. These rules of engagement also are designed to limit bias in the design, conduct, and reporting of NIH-supported research. This page describes actions that NIH, institutions, and researchers can take to protect U.

Paget’s disease of bone is a chronic (long-lasting) disorder that causes bones to grow larger and become weaker than normal. The disease usually affects just one or a few bones.

Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the quality or structure of bone changes. This can lead to a decrease in bone strength that can increase the risk of fractures (broken bones).