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Breathing involves two phases: breathing in and breathing out. Your lungs deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from your blood in a process called gas exchange. Gas exchange happens in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, where the oxygen that is breathed in enters the circulatory system and carbon dioxide in the blood is released to the lungs and then breathed out. If you have problems breathing, gas exchange may be impaired, increasing the risk of serious health problems.

Las personas que tienen la anemia de células falciformes tienen hemoglobina anormal, llamada hemoglobina S o hemoglobina falciforme, en sus glóbulos rojos. La hemoglobina es una proteína en los glóbulos rojos que transporta el oxígeno por todo el cuerpo. Las personas que tienen la anemia de células falciformes heredan dos genes de hemoglobina anormales, uno de cada padre.

Los signos, síntomas y complicaciones pueden variar según el tipo de trastorno hemorrágico, su causa y si el trastorno es leve o más grave. Los signos y síntomas pueden ser obvios poco después del nacimiento de un niño o pueden no aparecer hasta la edad adulta. Las personas que tienen un trastorno hemorrágico leve pueden no tener ningún signo o síntoma hasta que se lesionen o tengan un procedimiento médico.

Treatments for peripheral artery disease include lifestyle changes, anti-clotting medicines, statins to control cholesterol, and medicines to treat high blood pressure. When peripheral artery disease is advanced or does not respond to lifestyle changes and medicines, your doctor may recommend surgery or procedures such as bypass grafting, angioplasty and stent placement, and atherectomy.

Your doctor will diagnose peripheral artery disease based on your medical and family histories, a physical exam, and results from one or more tests: ankle-brachial index, Doppler ultrasound, treadmill test, magnetic resonance angiogram (MRA), arteriogram, and blood tests.

Treatments for carotid artery disease may include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, and medical procedures such as carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery angioplasty and stenting.

Heart valve disease occurs if one or more of your heart valves don't work well. The heart has four valves—the tricuspid, pulmonary, mitral, and aortic valves—that make sure blood flows in the right direction through your heart’s four chambers and to the rest of your body.

Pneumonia can be very serious and even life-threatening. Vaccines can help prevent some types of pneumonia. Good hygiene (washing your hands often), quitting smoking, and keeping your immune system strong by getting regular physical activity and eating healthy are other ways to lower your risk of getting pneumonia.

Age, race, gender, certain medical conditions—high blood pressure, diabetes, brain aneurysms, and heart diseases—smoking, and family history can raise your risk for a stroke.

La enfermedad coronaria es una enfermedad en la cual una sustancia cerosa llamada placa se acumula dentro de las arterias coronarias a través de muchos años. Estas arterias suministran sangre rica en oxígeno al músculo cardíaco.