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The body’s muscles and nervous system help control your breathing. The lungs are like sponges; they cannot move on their own. Muscles in your chest and abdomen contract, or tighten, to create space in your lungs for air to flow in. The muscles then relax, causing the space in the chest to get smaller and squeeze the air back out. Your breathing usually does not require any thought, because it is controlled by the autonomic nervous system, also called the involuntary nervous system.

Long-term exposure to lung irritants—smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, or dusts—that damage the lungs and the airways usually is the cause of COPD. A rare genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency can also cause the disease.

Breathing involves two phases: breathing in and breathing out. Your lungs deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from your blood in a process called gas exchange. Gas exchange happens in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, where the oxygen that is breathed in enters the circulatory system and carbon dioxide in the blood is released to the lungs and then breathed out. If you have problems breathing, gas exchange may be impaired, increasing the risk of serious health problems.

CABG is a treatment but not a cure for ischemic heart disease. It is important to work with your doctor after CABG to help you stay healthy. This may include taking medicines prescribed by your doctor, making healthy lifestyle changes, getting regular medical checkups, and participating in cardiac rehabilitation.

El tratamiento para la anemia por deficiencia de hierro dependerá de las causas y la gravedad. Los tratamientos pueden incluir suplementos de hierro, transfusiones de glóbulos rojos, cambios en su patrón de alimentación o procedimientos como la endoscopia para detener el sangrado.

Los signos y síntomas frecuentes de la apnea del sueño son los ronquidos o los jadeos durante el sueño, la respiración reducida o ausente (denominada "episodio de apnea") y la somnolencia. La apnea del sueño sin diagnosticar o tratar impide el sueño reparador y puede causar complicaciones que afecten muchas partes del cuerpo.

What to Expect If your doctor recommends pulmonary rehabilitation, you will receive care from a team of healthcare providers, who will design a plan that fits your needs based on the health of your lungs, your age, and other health factors. After your program ends, your team will assess your lung function again to see if your breathing has improved. Yes

The types of angina are stable, unstable, microvascular, and variant. The types vary based on their severity or cause.

Las terapias genéticas pueden utilizar métodos de transferencia de genes o edición genómica para modificar el ADN de las células de un paciente, con el objetivo de prevenir o tratar una afección.

Los signos, síntomas y complicaciones pueden variar según el tipo de trastorno hemorrágico, su causa y si el trastorno es leve o más grave. Los signos y síntomas pueden ser obvios poco después del nacimiento de un niño o pueden no aparecer hasta la edad adulta. Las personas que tienen un trastorno hemorrágico leve pueden no tener ningún signo o síntoma hasta que se lesionen o tengan un procedimiento médico.