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Sickle cell disease is an inherited disease caused by defects, called mutations, in the beta globin gene that helps make hemoglobin.

Your doctor may diagnose angina based on your medical history, a physical exam, and diagnostic tests and procedures. These tests can help assess whether you need immediate treatment for a heart attack. Some of these tests may help rule out other conditions.

Cardiac catheterization takes place in a catheterization laboratory, or cath lab, which is similar to a small operating room. A long thin tube called a catheter is inserted via a needle, guidewire, and sheath into a blood vessel leading to the heart.

There are many types of conduction disorders that can occur anywhere along the cardiac conduction system: at the sinoatrial (SA) node, the atrioventricular (AV) node, or the bundle branches. The problem can be with signal generation, how the signal travels through the heart, or both. Disorders can occur on a much smaller level within ion channels in a heart muscle cell that work together to make the heart cell contract.

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease caused by mutations in a gene called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene.

Changes to the heart’s tissue and to its electrical signals most often cause atrial fibrillation. When the heart’s tissue or signaling is damaged, the regular pumping of the heart muscle becomes fast and irregular.

People who have certain conditions may benefit from CABG, such as those who have obstructive coronary artery disease, a type of ischemic heart disease. Obstructive coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries that supply the heart with oxygen-rich blood.

Signs and symptoms of pulmonary hypertension are sometimes hard to recognize, because they are similar to those of other medical conditions. People may have symptoms for years before being diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension. These symptoms may get worse over time and could eventually lead to serious complications such as right heart failure.

In all types of sickle cell disease, at least one of the two abnormal genes causes a person’s body to make hemoglobin S. When a person has two hemoglobin S genes (hemoglobin SS), the disease is called sickle cell anemia. This is the most common and often most severe type of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin SC disease and hemoglobin S? thalassemia are two other common types of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin SD and hemoglobin SE are much less common.

It may be possible for your doctor to diagnose your bleeding disorder, its severity, and whether it is inherited or acquired based on your signs and symptoms, risk factors, medical and family history, a physical exam, and blood tests.